Many cat owners have likely noticed that their feline companions have sharp, curved claws on each toe that they use for hunting, climbing, and self-defense. However, some attentive cat parents may have spotted an unusual occurrence – two claws emerging from the same toe!
This strange phenomenon is often a source of curiosity and concern for cat owners. In this educational blog post, we will unravel the mystery behind kitties who have two claws on one toe. We’ll explore the structure of feline nails, discuss how and why this happens, and provide guidance on identifying and managing nail disorders in cats.
Specifically, we will cover the natural shedding and regrowth process of cat claws that sometimes results in two nails on one digit. We’ll also explain other potential causes like cutaneous horns. By the end, you’ll have a better understanding of this peculiar characteristic and be able to determine if your cat’s nails are healthy or require veterinary attention.
Understanding Feline Nail Structure
A cat’s nails are made up of layers of keratin, the same protein that makes up human fingernails and hair. The nail grows from the nail matrix, which is the part attached to the bone inside the cat’s toe. As new keratin cells are produced by the matrix, the nail grows outward.
The nail consists of a visible part above the skin, called the nail plate, and a hidden part inside the toe, called the nail bed. The nail plate overlies the nail bed and extends just beyond the end of the toe. The nail is attached to the toe by the nail folds, which are folds of skin surrounding the sides and base of the nail.
Cats usually have 18 nails – 5 on each front paw and 4 on each back paw. The nail on the inner side of the paw is called the dewclaw. Cats use their dewclaws when climbing and scratching.
As the nail grows past the end of the toe, it moves beyond the blood supply in the nail bed below. The older parts of the nail become hard and rigid since they are no longer receiving nutrients. The nail plate begins to crack lengthwise to allow the new nail growing underneath to emerge. This is the normal shedding process of a cat’s nail.
The nail shedding process occurs every 2-3 months in cats. Most of the time, the old nail sheds on its own or gets removed by the cat’s scratching. Sometimes a piece of old nail may remain attached, giving the appearance of a cat having two nails on one toe.
Nail Disorders in Cats
While multiple nails on one toe may seem concerning, it’s usually just a remnant of the normal shedding process. However, true nail disorders can also cause nail abnormalities in cats.
Signs of nail disorders include nails that are misshapen, brittle, discolored or thickened. They may also have a foul odor. These disorders are often caused by bacterial or fungal infections of the nail bed.
Regular vet exams and proper nail care at home can help manage nail disorders in cats. Seeking prompt veterinary advice for any nail abnormalities is recommended.
Why Does My Cat Have Two Nails on One Toe?
Some cats can develop a condition called cutaneous horns, which causes keratin (the protein that makes up nails) to overgrow and form horn-like structures on the paws. These cutaneous horns may appear like a second “nail” growing next to the normal nail on the toe pad.
Cutaneous horns most often affect the nail beds or digital pads of one or more toes. They tend to be thin projections that resemble a tiny horn emerging from the skin surface near the nail. While not common, cutaneous horns can develop in cats of any breed, age or gender.
These horn-like growths are composed of compacted keratin layers that build up over time. As the nail grows, keratin continues to accumulate and push the horn outward. Cutaneous horns are not actually an extra nail, but rather an abnormal overgrowth of the nail bed tissue.
There are a few potential causes for cutaneous horns in cats:
Chronic irritation, inflammation or trauma to the nail bed
Underlying bacterial or fungal infection
Hereditary predisposition in certain breeds
Nutritional deficiencies
Exposure to sunlight or UV radiation
While usually benign, cutaneous horns can sometimes indicate an underlying tumor or cancerous growth. It’s important to have a vet examine any abnormal nail growths.
Treatment involves trimming the horn growth as much as possible without hitting live tissue. Medicated ointments, antibiotics or antifungals may be prescribed. In severe cases, surgical removal under anesthesia may be required.
To prevent cutaneous horns, keep kitty’s nails trimmed regularly and avoid rough play that can damage nail beds. Providing proper nutrition and limiting sun exposure can also help reduce risk.
If you notice any strange horn-like growths on your cat’s paws, schedule a vet visit right away. Early treatment provides the best chance of resolving cutaneous horns and improving your cat’s comfort.
The Process of Claw Shedding in Cats
Cats’ claws are made up of layers of keratin, the same protein that makes up human fingernails. The outermost layer is essentially “dead” keratin that protects the inner living layers. This is the part that makes contact with surfaces when cats scratch.
Cats’ claws naturally shed this outer layer of keratin every 2-3 months. As the new claw grows in, the older outer layer becomes loose and brittle. Most of the time, this old sheath simply falls off on its own as the cat goes about its normal scratching and climbing activities. The cat’s scratching motion helps remove the old sheath, revealing the new sharp claw underneath.
Some signs that a cat is shedding its claws include:
Old sheaths around the house
More frequent scratching behaviors
Duller looking claws
Shedding is a normal process for cats to maintain healthy claws. However, if shedding seems excessive or claws appear cracked or inflamed, it’s a good idea to have a vet examine them to rule out any disorders.
With proper scratching posts and surfaces around the house, most cats take care of shedding their claws naturally. Trimming may occasionally be needed if old sheaths don’t detach. Overall though, claw shedding is a normal part of a cat’s routine claw maintenance.
Identifying Nail Disorders in Cats
There are several common signs and symptoms that may indicate a nail disorder in cats. These include:
Brittle, cracked, or splitting nails
Nails that are discolored or misshapen
Swelling, redness, or discharge around the nail bed
Bleeding from around the nails
Lameness or hesitancy to bear weight on the affected paw
Excessive licking or chewing at the nails or paws
These symptoms can range from mild to severe depending on the underlying cause. Brittle or splitting nails may just be a cosmetic issue, while swelling and discharge indicates infection or inflammation. Lameness signals that the condition is causing significant discomfort.
There are several potential causes of feline nail disorders:
Bacterial or fungal infections of the nail bed
Allergies causing itching and licking that damages nails
Injuries from trauma that impact nail growth
Tumors or cysts pressing on the nail bed
Systemic illnesses affecting nail quality
Hereditary or congenital nail abnormalities
In most cases, an infection of some kind is the culprit behind abnormal nail growth and appearance. Bacteria, fungi, and yeast can set up in the moist environment of the nail folds. Allergies prompt scratching and licking that allows microbes to invade. Trauma, tumors, and other disorders physically disrupt the nail matrix where growth occurs.
Certain illnesses like hyperthyroidism can also influence nail health. Some purebred cats are prone to hereditary nail problems as well. Diagnostic testing like cultures, biopsies, or bloodwork may be needed to pinpoint the exact cause in severe cases.
Management,Treatment and Prevention of Feline Nail Disorders
If your cat is suffering from a nail disorder, there are several treatment options available. The specific treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the condition.
Medical Treatments
For bacterial or fungal infections causing nail issues, your vet may prescribe topical ointments, creams or soaks. These can help reduce inflammation, fight infection, and encourage healing of the nail bed. Antibiotics or antifungals may also be given orally. If the nail is severely inflamed or damaged, surgical removal may be necessary to allow drainage and healing.
At-Home Care
There are several things you can do at home to care for your cat’s nails:
Soak your cat’s paws in a mild antiseptic solution prescribed by your vet.
Apply antibiotic or antifungal ointments as directed.
Keep the nails clean and dry.
Prevent your cat from chewing or licking the affected nails.
Use a cone collar if necessary to prevent licking.
Monitor for signs of improvement or worsening.
Prevention
Preventing feline nail disorders can be challenging, but there are some steps you can take to minimize the risk:
Regularly trim your cat’s nails to prevent them from becoming too long and brittle.
Provide scratching posts or boards to encourage appropriate scratching behavior and help maintain nail health.
Keep your cat’s environment clean and free of debris that could cause trauma to the nails.
Maintain a healthy diet for your cat, as proper nutrition can support overall nail health.
Monitor your cat’s behavior and look out for signs of allergies or other underlying health issues that could contribute to nail problems.
Follow-up Visits
It’s important to follow up with your veterinarian to assess treatment effectiveness. Your vet may recommend regular check-ups to monitor your cat’s progress and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. They may also perform additional diagnostic tests if needed.
Conclusion
Feline nail disorders can range from mild to severe, and proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial for your cat’s well-being. If you notice any abnormalities in your cat’s nails, such as brittleness, splitting, swelling, or discharge, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. They can determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment options. With proper care and management, most feline nail disorders can be effectively treated or managed to improve your cat’s comfort and quality of life.